The Eiffel Tower, when built, required 7,000 tonnes of steel.
Today, if even a small amount of Niobium is added to the steel alloy, the strength of the steel would be increased enough that only 2,000 tonnes of steel would be needed.
That represents a ~71% decrease in raw materials.
Connections
Rare Earth Supply Concentration Creates Huge Fragility
AI Will Supercharge Materials Science
Reference
� The Elements of Power